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The Government of Yemen has made the development of education system its top priority. The share of the budget dedicated to education has remained high during the past decade, averaging between 14 to 20% 〔 of the total government expenditure and as of 2000 it is 32.8 percent. The education expenditure is 9.6 percent of GDP for the year 2001 〔 as seen in the chart below. In the strategic vision for the next 25 years since 2000,the government has committed to bring significant changes in the education system, thereby reducing illiteracy to less than 10% by 2025.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Republic of Yemen, Ministry of Education Report 2008." The Development of Education in the Republic of Yemen."pp3 )〕 Although Yemen’s government provides for universal, compulsory, free education for children ages six through 15, the U.S. Department of State reports that compulsory attendance is not enforced. The country ranked 150 out of 177 in the 2006Human Development Index and 121 out of 140 countries in theGender Development Index(2006).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= World Bank 2008."Secondary Education Development And Girls Access Project." Project Appraisal Document.pp1. The World Bank, Washington ,DC )〕 It is also very likely that Yemen will not be able to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, despite increase in enrolment rates in the past few years. In 2005, 81 percent of Yemen’s school-age population was enrolled in primary school; enrollment of the female population was 74 percent. Then in 2005, about 46 percent of the school-age population was enrolled in secondary school, including only 30 percent of eligible females. The country is still struggling to provide the requisite infrastructure. School facilities and educational materials are of poor quality, classrooms are too few in number, and the teaching faculty is inadequate. center Source:World Bank ==History of Education== According to Yemen’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2002, basic education is still unable to provide for all children of schooling age (6-14).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Ministry of Planning & International Cooperation. Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)2002 )〕 Yemen’s primary school enrollment rates have increased from 73 to 87% for males and from 28 to 63% for females between 1991 and 2004. The main educational problems in Yemen are a weak education system, population dispersion, insufficient public funding, lack of the institutional capacity necessary to efficiently deliver basic education services, and the need of children to work to support their families are the main factors that deter children from attending schools. There are also social factors contributing to deterring children, and girls in particular from attending school, such as long distance from the school, lack of transportation, and single-sex schools in rural areas, low levels of teacher training and qualification, gaps in enrollment between boys and girls, weak institutional capacity from the Ministry to school levels, and low community participation 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= The World Bank Group Sana’s office.2002.YEMEN ECONOMIC UPDATE. Issue 10.Social and Economic Development Group (MNSED), Middle East and North Africa Region. )〕 The government’s effort for education started in 1962 when the Yemen Arab Republic was established. During the 1970s, Yemen saw an expansion of basic education; however, there was a certain disparity between North and South, and they adapted very different education policies until its unification in 1990. Traditionally, North Yemen has been a much closed society and education was limited only to religious schools where children memorized the Koran, or to schools run by local initiatives. However, not all children could have access to these schools, and the majority of the students were boys, while few girls attended. The development of education in South Yemen began in 1967 after British withdrawal. During the British occupation of South, education was available only in Aden. Primary and intermediate schools existed in each small township of Steamer Point, Crater, Shaikh Othman, etc. There was only one girls’ secondary school in Khormaksar and two private schools were in Crater and Steamer Point〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.al-bab.com/bys/articles/noman95.htm )〕 During the 1970s, several education plans were made for the new republic and the educational situation of the South had really taken off that of the North. The education system in the north adapted 6-3-3 (6 years of primary school, 3 years of preparatory, 3 years of secondary). The south also adapted the same education system; however, it changed to 8-4 (8 years integrated school, 4 years of secondary school).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.ecdvu.org/mena/downloads/yemenreport/yemenreport.pdf )〕 Secondary education had a choice of academic, vocational, technical or teacher training education. After the unification of North and South Yemen in 1990, these two education systems were merged into a single system, and 9-3 (9 years of basic education, 3 years of secondary education) was adapted. Along with that, enrollment was diversified into the science and literary tracks in grades 11 and 12.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= The World Bank 2008."Secondary Education Development And Girls Access Project."Project Appraisal Document.pp1. )〕 The unified Yemen was facing several educational problems such as lack of a budget for education, lack of government leadership, lack of Yemeni teachers, overcrowding and inefficiency in management. In the same year as its unification, the World Conference on Education for All was held in Jomtien, Thailand. In response to this conference, Yemen’s Ministry of Education had developed several national education strategies with the cooperation of the World Bank and donor countries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Education in Yemen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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